Optimize Your Copper-Catalyzed Click Chemistry with Accelerating Ligands

Copper(I)-catalyzed Azide-Alkyne Click Chemistry (CuAAC) relies on the presence of Copper(I) ions (Cu⁺).

Cu⁺ ions are prone to oxidation which decreases the amount of active Cu⁺ available for reactions and leads to the formation of harmful byproducts which increase cytotoxicity in living cells. Ligands with tertiary amine and triazine groups stabilize Cu⁺ by protecting it from degradation thus boosting the efficiency of CuAAC reactions. In addition, the reduced toxicity improves compatibility with biological systems.
providing options to meet the unique needs of your azide-alkyne cycloaddition reactions: THPTA, BTTAA, BTTES, BTTP, and TBTA. Vector’s reagents are manufactured for exceptional quality, scalability, and reproducibility, with rigorous quality control ensuring dependable performance across a wide range of experimental applications.

Key Properties of Accelerating Ligands:

Property BTTAA BTTES BTTP THPTA TBTA
Copper Concentra­tion Needed for Reaction Efficiency Very Low Low Low Mode­rate High
Reaction Kinetics Very High High High Mode­rate Very High
Biocompati­bility Very High Very High High Mode­rate Low
Cytotoxicity Very Low Very Low Low Mode­rate High
Stability in Biological Systems Very High Very High High (valued for long-term reactions) Mode­rate Low
Water Solubility Mode­rate High Low (mixed solvent compa­tible) High Low
Organic Solubility Mode­rate Low Mode­rate (mixed solvent compa­tible) Low Very High

Choosing the Best Ligand for Your Application:

Ap­pli­ca­tion Type BTTAA BTTES BTTP THPTA TBTA
In Vivo Ex­cel­lent Ex­cel­lent Ex­cel­lent Low Not suit­able
In Vitro Ex­cel­lent Ex­cel­lent Ex­cel­lent Ex­cel­lent Not suit­able
Aqueous Syn­the­sis Good Good Good Ex­cel­lent Not suit­able
Organic Syn­the­sis Good Poor Good Poor Ex­cel­lent
Vector Laboratories’ CuAAC accelerating ligands are of CuAAC reactions optimizing reaction efficiency and reducing cytotoxicity across a broad range of applications.
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to take the next step in your bioconjugate journey.